K-Cultural Heritage 11 Page > Little Korea

K-CULTURAL HERITAGE

Everlasting Legacies of Korea

  • 1996.5.1
    designated date
    Seoul Saenamgut was performed for the upper classes in Seoul to console the spirits of the dead and pray for their peaceful life in heaven. It is presumed that this rite was first performed during the Joseon Period (1392 –1910) and took on a more developed form during the 17th and 18th Centuries.

    The rite is composed of Andang Sagyeong Maji (spending time from 1:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m. in the courtyard) and Saenamgut, which is performed from the following morning by five female exorcists and six dancers to the accompaniment of janggo (hourglass-shaped drum), buk (drums), daegeum (bamboo flute), piri (flute) and other instruments.

    Seoul Saenamgut has features that cannot be found in the other exorcism rites. It displays elaborate composition and looks gorgeous. It includes both Buddhist and Confucian elements as well as contents relating to the royal court of the Joseon Period.
  • 2017.5.1
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    Haenyeo is a living witness representing Korea's traditional marine culture and women's fishing culture. Beyond the changing times, haenyeo have created a community culture, and in the livelihood and culture of haenyeo, various wisdom can be found about the coexistence of nature and human beings and the continued use and distribution of common lands.

    The records of haenyeo have a long history, as shown in the 17th-century records related to Jeju Island, and the 'material' of haenyeo is a primitive form of language that is not found elsewhere. In addition, the folk knowledge of the ecological environment accumulated from the material experience is considerable, and it forms a unique community life culture of haenyeo, including consideration and collaboration for their fellow haenyeo, and their faith and rituals.

    As such, the culture related to haenyeo was designated as a national intangible cultural asset in order to preserve and inherit the cultural heritages, as they were highly valuable in terms of historical, artistic, and uniqueness.



    ※ List of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016 (Jeju Haenyeo Culture)

    ※ The culture related to haenyeo is not recognized by certain holders or organizations in that it has a strong community nature through collaboration.
  • 1989.5.1
    designated date
    A traditional self-prayer is a person or skill who makes himself or herself with traditional techniques.

    Since the Neolithic Age, Korea has made and used earthenware, and in the early 10th century, it adopted pottery techniques from the Tang Dynasty of China to make inlaid celadon.

    Then, due to the Mongol invasions, celadon manufacturing techniques declined, and the production of buncheong ware and Joseon white porcelain became more active during the early Joseon Dynasty.

    However, the kilns were destroyed during the Japanese Invasion of Korea (1592) and many potters were taken to Japan, leading to the decline of ceramic technology. Fortunately, Gwangju Gwanyo was the only one left, creating a large stem centered on Joseon white porcelain.

    The production process of traditional porcelain involves the process of clay, plastic surgery, sculpture, poetry, plastic surgery, etc. The Zeto process breaks stones into powder, releases soil, mixes them, and undergoes a defensive process to remove impurities, and then builds up the clay. After the molding is over, place the crushed soil on a spinning wheel to form an object. After the molding is over, dry it and carve it with a knife.

    After that, the work is completed by baking, applying glaze, and finishing grilled chaebol. The production tools include a spinning wheel, bat, earth gourd, cart, water leather, iron holtae, necklaces, and electric knives.

    Traditional porcelain ware was designated as an intangible cultural asset to protect and transfer Korean beauty as a traditional craftsmanship.

    Jang Song-mo of Gangwon-do, who has completed the production function of traditional ceramics, continues his career by establishing the Gangwon Ceramic Culture Research Association.
  • 1979.5.2
    designated date
    Hallyangmu is a dance drama in which a monk and a woman are seduced by dance. Hallyang refers to a nobleman who plays and eats without a certain government post.

    The origin is unknown, but it was performed as a play by Sadangpae in the late Joseon Dynasty, and it was recorded in Jeong Hyeon-seok's "Gyobangga" during the reign of King Gojong (r. 1863-1907), suggesting that it was popular in the late Joseon Dynasty's. After 1910, it became popular in Kibang (Parasite).

    The dance features musicians, hallyang, monks, saksi, jumo, byeolgam, sangjwa, and Madangsoe, which are composed of dance moves and clothes with different personalities depending on their roles. In the case of Hanryang, a pavilion is worn on Dopo, a pavilion is worn on the roof of the palace, and Saekshi wears a red ginseng in Mongdu-ri and a jokduri. Seung-ri wears lyrics on her acceptance and writes a small fart. The content satirizes the decadence of the Joseon Dynasty, which punishes corrupt scholars, dead men, chastity-free bride, and lazy officials.

    It is no exaggeration to say that Han Liangmu is the epitome of men's dance because it is the first dramatic dance that was played in the gisaeng world among Korean mask dramas, and it retains dynamism and masculinity. It is also meaningful in that it is not a dance of the royal court, nor a pure folk dance, but a dance drama of the Gyobang class. Kim Duk-myung, the owner of the entertainment show, and six others are continuing their careers.
  • 1995.5.2
    designated date
    Geochang sambail sound is a labor song sung to soothe the boredom of sambale.

    Geochang-gun, South Gyeongsang Province, has long been the home of the hemp. Until the hemp is produced, there is a process of labor that follows from sowing the hemp seeds to weaving. This whole process is called gilssam, which is also known as sambale, where women work more than men. Sambeil Sori consists of seven courses, including the sound of field hawks, the sound of triple-leafing, the sound of trapezius, the sound of spinning wheels, the sound of samsamgi, the sound of bemaegi, and the sound of bejagi.

    Geochang Sambale is a labor song that makes you forget the hard work of farming, and Lee Mal-ju continues the trend.
  • 1995.5.2
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    A joint refers to a person or a technique for making jangjuk (long tobacco pipe). It is assumed that tobacco pipes were also introduced at that time as cigarettes came through Japan after the Japanese Invasion of Korea (1592-1592). According to sources, tobacco makers lived in Munsan-eup, Jinju, about 550 years ago, and now they call it daebanggol because they still live together.

    Cigarettes are cow porridge according to the size of the tip radius, torso, and water. Small and medium sized porridge. Heavy porridge. It is divided into bamboo, gray-moon-juk, yangjeong-juk, and odongjuk, depending on the ingredients and patterns. The structure consists of a cigarette box that is burned with tobacco, a water bottle that is sucked into the mouth, and a snow pipe that connects the cigarette bottle with the water bill.

    The production process is to melt iron, cut iron into small pieces, cut daegam, cut persimmon porridge, make Haemoonjuk patterns, make flower petals, cut flowers, cut flowers, make flower petals, cut flowers, make tops, attach tops, linework, mop-shop, and snowflake. The most important thing is to combine iron melting with goods. Hammer, chisel, stone head, string, bow, and corrugated board are used as tools.
  • 1975.5.3
    designated date
    Jongmyo, in Seoul, is a royal shrine where the mortuary tablets of deceased royal couples are kept, and is an important site symbolizing the fundamentals of the existence of a state along with Sajikdan Altar, which is the altar for the national soil and grain ceremonies. The regular ancestral rituals were held at Jongmyo in the first month of each season, i.e. January, April, July, and October, while extraordinary rituals were held on special occasions. Since 1945, the ritual has been held only once a year, on the first Sunday of May. The ritual is held in a solemn atmosphere.

    The ritual is carried out in a way so as to entertain the spirits of the dead royal ancestors. The procedure for the ritual is as follows: Chwiwi (placing of ancestral tablets), Yeongsin (greeting the spirits), Haengsinnarye (King's obeisance to ancestral tablets), Jinchan (presenting the spirits with food), Choheollye (first obeisance), Aheollye (second obeisance), Jongheollye (last obeisance), Eumbongnye (partaking of sacrificial food), Cheolbyeondu (overturing of ritual dishes), Mangnyo (incineration of prayers). The King had to behave discreetly for four days and keep his body clean for three days before the ritual.

    Jongmyo Jerye featured grandeur and solemnity as a ritual that set an example for the people of a Confucian society that attached particular importance to etiquette.

    The ritual, along with the music associated with it (Important Intangible Cultural Heritage No.1), was registered with UNESCO in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity in May 2001.
  • 2016.5.4
    designated date
    In Masan Happo, there was a jochang that continued to the Goryeo and Joseon periods. The village, which was developed based in Jokchang, became more prosperous with the opening of the port, and the city developed rapidly. The development of the city and the characteristics of the jokchangji developed a lot of entertainment entertainment entertainment, and the safety of the navigation and navigation of the ship became the conditions of the residents' lives, thus generating the corresponding faith.



    In 1894, due to the abolition of Cho Chang, the Seongsin Daeje, which lost its foundation for victory, was temporarily suspended. Then, in 1904, there was a disaster of a heavy rainstorms in Masanpo. As a result, Sungshin Daeje, which was led by a group of fish market visitors, was revived as a market system from 1905.



    During this period, a new fishing market was established, and a folk rite called "Byeolsindaegi" was held.Since then, the Holy Spirit Daeje failed to maintain its status as a regional festival, and only the system was maintained around the Suhyup Brokerage Association. Originally, the system was mediated every five years and periodically implemented every ten years. Currently, only the basic form is maintained every year.



    In 2006, the Masan Cultural Center promoted the succession and preservation of the Holy Spirit as part of a project to excavate local culture, and now the Seongsin Daeje Preservation Association has formed and succeeded it. The foundation of the great empire was based on the articles of The Jung-gu Ilbo in 1928, the Masan Ilbo in 1954, and the oral materials of Kim Jun-yeong, the last high priest in 1954.
  • 2002.5.6
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    A craftsman who makes musical instruments is called a musical instrument master. The names of artisans related to instruments such as pungmuljang, jangjang, and gongjang are visible on the factory lanterns of Gyeongguk Daejeon during the Joseon Dynasty. There are about 60 to 70 types of musical instruments produced in Korea and handed down to date, including our own instruments and those from China or the West. There is no craftsman who makes all of these, but each event is classified as a musical instrument.

    There is no clear record, but it is believed that there have been professional craftsmen who make musical instruments since the Three Kingdoms Period. Various wind and string instruments for the murals of Goguryeo tombs.The percussion instruments and others appear, and musical instruments are also visible in the patterns of King Beomjong of Silla. A figure of Gayageum figures is also found in Tou, Silla, which is believed to have been around the 4th century. In addition, the birth of musical instruments can be seen in the tales of Wangsanak in Goguryeo, Kasil King in Gaya, and Manpa Sik in Silla, but there are no stories about artisans and methods of production.

    During the Joseon Dynasty, the musical instruments were used to make musical instruments and clothing for national rituals and ceremonies, which were valued by Confucianism.instrumental colors, musical instruments inc.A special department was established, such as the Musical Instruments Agency. In addition, the state-run music organization, the Gukjawon, mobilized craftsmen from various fields to direct and supervise the work, and finally supervised the tuning and ending of musical instruments.

    Traditional musical instruments can be classified as string instruments, wind instruments, and percussion instruments, or they can be classified according to their materials, and eight important materials are called selling. Gold and silver are instruments made of metal and have backs. Seok is a stone instrument made of pyeongyeong and special features. These include geomungo, gayageum, haegeum, ajaeng, and Bipa, which are made of silk strings attached to a resonator box. The musical instruments made as dead include a flute, milk stand, sugar drum, and Danso. Po has a raw yellow lantern as an instrument with ingredients of a bowl, and clay is baked with soil, with Hun and Bu.Hyuk is an instrument made by covering a round barrel with leather, including Janggo, Galgo, Jwago, Jeolgo, and Sogo. The neck is made of wood and includes Bak, Chuk, Eo, etc.

    There are two types of gayageum: Jeongak Gayageum and Sanjoyageum, which differ in materials, size, tone, and coordination. Jeongak Gayageum makes a resonator by digging a thick oak tree, and Sanjo Yageum makes a resonator box by adding chestnut wood board to make a resonator. Unlike standardized Western instruments, the size gradually grows and becomes smaller depending on the physical condition of the performer. Jeongak Gayageum is about 160 to 170 centimeters wide, 30 centimeters wide and 140 centimeters long.Sanjo Yageum is much smaller and lighter in length and width, but it is said that Jeongak Gayageum was reduced and modified to play folk songs at the end of the Joseon Dynasty.

    The paulownia tree should be naturally dried for more than five years by roughly trimming it from 30 to 50 years old. When attaching to a tree with different top and bottom, the sides are placed on the left side, where flowers or cherry trees are used. Yongdu and Bongmi are placed at both ends of the upper plate. Yongdu is the head of the gayageum, and Bongmi is the lower part.

    On April 23, 2002, Kim Bok-gon was recognized as the holder of the event.

    ※For more information on the above cultural assets, please contact the Seoul Metropolitan Government Department of Historical and Cultural Heritage (☎02-2133-2616).
  • 2002.5.6
    designated date
    Dungme refers to a place used on a bed or on a regular basis, and is sometimes used as a supplementary material. The material is a plant called Yongsucho, which is distinguished from Wanggol, and is widely native to rice paddies or streams and wetlands in our country. A grass having a sponge-like elastic seam inside a thin, long, cross-sectional stem; also called 'bone grass'. Currently, artisans who use this grass to make various kinds of household goods are Chochojang and Deungmejang. In addition to seats, mats, cushions, and other household items such as copper and hap, the red pepper paste and grasshopper are the master craftsmen who produce accessories.It is known that the term dungme is derived from the use of thimble and the addition of a buoy to the back for elasticity.

    The curtain of the cart used the zodiac sign for the Three Kingdoms Period.There is a record of " and <Intuition조 had a government office called Seokjeon, indicating that there was a craftsman who had been professionally making the position.

    In Goryeo, the emissaries of Huto and Hujik, who were Sajiksin, were laid on the throne, while the royal family used the stone, stone, and stone of the gate, stone, and stone of the flower gate. Buksong's envoy Seo Geung is very soft in "The Goryeo Sutra" (the product of Goryeo) and does not go bad even when folded or bent. It is excellent that black and white mixes together to form patterns and cover the bed.It was of such excellent quality that it was called " that it was also used as a trade product with a foreign country.

    During the Joseon Dynasty, there were seals and stone seals at the <Gyeongguk Daejeon전 factory, with eight seals in Jangheung High School and a total of 338 foreign factories in Hasam Island alone. When the governor was dispatched to China, it was an excellent specialty, as many as 124 Hwamunseok at once. Wanggol products such as Animation Stone, Cartoon Stone, Cartoon Stone, Yongmun Stone, Hwamun Stone, Japchae Moon Stone, and Chaehwaseok were used by the royal court and upper class.

    It is said that the dungme was divided into a white stone and a patterned hwamunjang. After putting a blade on the mat frame, it is Baekseok who scores a goal with a needle between the days and squeezes it into the body twice, left and right.A pattern is placed on a white stone and a blank space is used as an inner space to support the fossil, while the edges are decorated with blue, black, purple, and brown cloth according to the color of the pattern on the background.

    The types of patterns include characters such as Subokgangnyeong, geometries, and flower designs, most of which are surrounded by a border and have central patterns in the center. Various colored water plants are needed to insert the pattern. White is used by trimming and trimming Maeryeongcho, and is the basic color along with blue, red, black, and back. In recent years, various colors, which are frequently used, are used by dyeing water plants directly, but water plants are difficult to dye compared to fabric. There is a way to expose or hide the slope when making a seat, and the front one is called Nogyeongsojik and the back one is called Nogyeong Secretly. Naturally, it was considered to be excellent due to its meticulous workmanship and high density.

    Choi Heon-yeol was recognized as the holder on April 23, 2002 and became the honorary holder on August 10, 2017.

    ※For more information on the above cultural assets, please contact the Seoul Metropolitan Government Department of Historical and Cultural Heritage (☎02-2133-2616).
  • 2002.5.7
    designated date
    The gat is divided into gatyangtae and gatyangtae, which refers to the wide floor area around the gat, also known as 'yangtae' and 'gatyang' in Jeju. The ingredients of the gat-yang-tae are bamboo. Highly distributed varieties mean the best of the varieties, and their quality depends on the number of 'rice' and 'stuff' and the number of 'dori' and the number of 'dori'. The product is made with 500 rice and 90 dori.
  • 2004.5.7
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    Sijochang was started by Yi Se-chun, a singer of the late Joseon Dynasty, and for the first time in "Yu Ye-ji," published during the reign of King Sunjo (1800-1834) of the Joseon Dynasty, the Pyeongsijo Music Daily, which corresponds to the economy, is published. After that, many sijo grains were derived due to the influence of Gagok, and as Sijochang was widely distributed to each region, it was divided into economy, completion of Jeolla-do, Naepoje of Chungcheong-do, and Yeongje of Gyeongsang-do.

    Naepoje is a traditional music of the Chungcheong region, which originated in the northwestern part of Chungcheongnam-do. The types of Naepoje Sijo that Han Woo-seop learned from his teacher, Song Eun-jeong, include Pyeongsijo, Banggak Sijo, Sasol Sijo, Yeochang Jirim Sijo, Namchang Jirim Sijo, Jungnim Sijo, and Moeum Sijo. Han Woo-seop's successor, Shijochang, shows a reduction of three to five beats at the end of Chojang, Jungjang, and Jongjang, the musical characteristics of Shijochang in Naepoje in Chungcheong Province, and the composition of the notes is Hwangjong. It's important. It's on deathbed.
  • 2019.5.7
    designated date
    Jinogi Gut refers to Mangjachundo Gut, which is sent to the underworld to console the spirit of the deceased. There are Mangjachundo Gut in various parts of the country, which is called Jino Gigut in Seoul, and in large scale, it is called Saemam Gut. In Honam, it is called washing gimgut.

    Jin Ogi Gut, a rite of mass destruction, is also inherited in Gyo-dong, Ganghwa. Gyo-dong Jin Ogi Gut exhibits a unique style of composition that is different from Hwanghae Gut, Gyeonggi Gut, and Seoul Gut. There is Naerimjangdan, and Jangdan, which is also called Gyo-dong Manse-beon, is different from that of Hwanghae-gut or Seoul-gut Manse-beon.

    Gyo-dong Jin Ogi Gut will be taken to 14 streets. The Byulbugjeong where all the negatives are bitten, the Bujeonggut where people pray for the wishes of the gods and listen to the meritorious deeds of men, the Janggun Street where a shaman wearing a male dress with fans and bells asks for a general, the Sangsang Street where a male skirt wears a star costume, the Shinjang University in a male skirt, and the Daedamgamgonggwaegwaegwaeulu dance were performed. Gyo-dong Gut is believed to have continuity at these four streets as it was followed by a series of Gut from Janggun Street to Daegam Street.

    Next, a shaman wearing a red skirt and a Changbu street holding a fan and a gilji, a street where she worships the Changbu god, a street where she calls for a private fortune, a street where a deceased person who goes to the afterlife enters Gutcheong over a thorn gate, a shaman sitting on a rice horse begins the spirit of the deceased, and a bridge that overlaps with the Sambebe and Mumyeongs.

    In addition to Jin Ogi Gut, Daedonggut, Bugundanggut, and Sashingut were also performed in Ganghwa Gyodongdo Island, and each family had its own shaman to pay their respects to the family. Jinogi Gut in Gyodong, which has developed against this backdrop, is noted for its local identity between Hwanghae Gut and Seoul and Gyeonggi Gut.
  • 1990.5.8
    designated date
    Onggijang refers to the skill of making earthenware pots and jars, or to an artisan with such a skill. Koreans have used earthenware pots and jars for thousands of years. The place where an earthenware artisan worked was called Onggijeom, which was divided into a workshop and a kiln.

    Traditional pots and jars, along with porcelain items, were the main items produced in private kilns. Pots and jars were made after the application of caustic soda to the surface of clay-made objects and putting them through a pre-firing stage. Just 40 or 50 years ago, there were many places selling traditional pots and jars across the country. Their number stood at about 500 when surveys were made in 1968 and 1969. However, they have been pushed aside by their machine-made western cousins.

    Traditionally, caustic soda was used as glazing in the production of pots and jars. Recently, it was replaced by a lead oxide named Gwangmyeongdan. With the use of lead glazing, the quality of pots and jars declined and the number of Onggijeom decreased to about 250 by 1984 and to less than 199 by 1989. Stainless steel and plastic goods have pushed traditional pots and jars out of the market.
  • 2002.5.8
    designated date
    The Buddhist rituals on Jeju Island are different from those of the mainland in terms of voice and re-cultivation given to the Buddha. In particular, Beumum, or Beompae, is a ritual song used to convey human wishes to Buddha, as a music dedicated to the Buddha to raise the ashes of Buddhist rituals.

    The Jeju Buddhist ritual is distinguished from the land area by its connection with the traditional culture of Jeju as Buddhism was introduced and passed down in Jeju. In other words, Chilseongje and Sansinje are held in Jeju Buddhism, compared to the land area. This is because the ritual for mountain gods and Chilseongje is being passed down in connection with Buddhist rites.

    Compared to the mainland, Jeju Island's Buddhist rituals are carried out more solemnly with the importance of the ritual of Sajacheon Stream, and even in the 49th year of Cheondojae, Siewanggakbae, which disappeared from the land area, is being purged to Siewangakcheong, and in the case of the life-long Jesus, a ritual of cursing (Gwanbul) is also inherited. The sound of An Chae-bi, a Buddhist-style music, is very slow compared to the land area and has a local tory of Jeju. In addition, Hwachong (Hesimgok) is also called Jeju Tori, which is different from the sounds sung in the mainland by transforming Buddhist songs.