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K-CULTURAL HERITAGE

Everlasting Legacies of Korea

  • 2013.10.25
    designated date
    Park Ae Sook

    - 2001 Presidential Prize for the 11th Gimhae National Night Competition
    - 2003 3rd World Art Exchange Association National Culture and Arts Award for Gugak
    - 2011 North Jeolla Province Governor's Letter of Commendation
  • 1991.11.23
    designated date
    Gayageum Byeongchang refers to singing while riding Gayageum.

    The song is sung by adding Gayageum accompaniment while picking a passage from either Danga or Pansori. In Pansori, it is also called Seokhwaje. There is a theory that Kim Changjo, the master of the Gaya Geumsanjo, began to be called in the late Joseon Dynasty.

    Jinyang, Jungmori, Jungjungmori, and Jajinmori are used in Jangdan. The same melody of the Gayageum and the song changes to match the principle of the Gayageum, fills the space of the song with the Gayageum melody, and sometimes adds to the excitement by adding the Gayageum ganju.

    Some of the representative songs include Gokcho, Honam, Cheongseoknyeong Pass, Jukjangmanghye, Saranga among Chunhyangga, Jebinojeonggi among Heungbo, and Gogo riverside among Sugungga.

    Gayageum Byeongchang is a valuable cultural asset that seeks pure musical beauty among traditional music.
  • 1968.12.21
    designated date
    Sanjo refers to the playing of an instrument solo to the accompaniment of janggo (hourglass-shaped drum), moving from slow to fast rhythm, in four to six movements. Gayageum Sanjo is Korean instrumental folk music played solo with Gayageum (twelve-stringed zither). Gayageum Byeongchang refers to the singing and playing of Gayageum at the same time. All Sanjo start with slow rhythm and gradually changes to faster rhythm, making listeners feel tense and increasingly delighted. Gayamgeum Sanjo is made up of four to six rhythms: jinyangjo (slow), jungmori (moderate), jungjungmori (moderately fast), jajinmori (fast), and hwimori (fastest). Compared to other instrument-based Sanjo, Gayageum Sanjo masters could form diverse schools thanks to the unique characteristics of Gayageum. A singer engaging in Gayageum Byeongchang sings a part of danga or pansori to the accompaniment of his/her own Gayageum playing. Gayageum Byeongchang used to be sung by Gayageum Sanjo masters, but the current tendency is for the separation between players of Sanjo and Byeongchang. A song sung as Byeongchang creates its own atmosphere due to the unique melody of Gayageum. The following are well-known parts of Gayageum Byeongchang: Jebinojeonggi (Route of the Swallow's Trip) of Pansori Heungboga (Song of Heungbo), Sarangga (Song of Love) of Chunhyangga (Song of Chunhyang), Gogocheonbyeon (Brightness of the Sunshine in the Sky) of Sugungga (Song of the Rabbit and the Turtle), and “Sim Cheong’s Father on His Way to Hwangseong” of Simcheongga (Song of Sim Cheong).
  • 2005.3.3
    designated date
    Gayageum Byeongchang refers to the form of a performance in which some parts of folk songs, dan-ga, and pansori are sung while playing the Gayageum.

    Popular songs are along with folk songs such as Saetaryeong and Namwonsanseong Fortress; dan-gas include "Honamga," "Jukjangmanghye," "Recording Bangcho," and "Gongmyeongga;" among pansori "Saranga," from Chunhyangga, "Jebinnojeonggi" from Heungboga, "Gogocheobyeon" from Sugungga, etc.

    Janggu accompanies with rhythms such as Jinyangjo, Jungmori, Jungjungmori, and Jajinmori, which are based on the basic rhythm of pansori, and sometimes accompanied by Buk, which gives a boost .
  • 2010.5.27
    designated date
    The origin of Gayageumsanjo was started by Kim Chang-jo (1865-1919), a native of Yeongam, South Jeolla Province, in the late Joseon Dynasty. Starting with the slow Jinyangjo rhythm, Jungmori, Jungjungmori, and Jajinmori rhythms became faster and faster. It is one of Korea's representative instrumental solo genres, using various groups such as Ujo, Pyeongjo, Gyemyunjo, Gyeongdreum, and Gangsanje. The beauty of the melody, which has a free melody in a certain frame and draws the emotions of the performer by repeating the tension and relaxation, is indeed enough to express the emotions of traditional Korean music.

    The transfer of various factions, including Jeongnamhui, Choeoksamryu, Gangtae Hongryu, Kim Byeongho and Kim Jukpa, is taking place. In 1968, Gayageum Sanjo and Byeongchang were designated as important intangible cultural assets, and other factions were well-suited as the holder. However, Kim Byeong-ho's Gayageum Sanjo is considered to have the deepest taste in Nong-hyeon, but it has not been designated as an intangible cultural asset. Kim Byeong-ho was born in Yeongam, South Jeolla Province, in the same region as Kim Chang-jo, the founder of the Gaya Geumsanjo, and his Sanjo is rooted in Kim Chang-jo. Since then, Kim Byeong-ho created his own Yupa, which has a wide range of sounds and a deep taste, and his Yupa has a more unique beauty by using the Umori rhythm, which is not found in other yu. Fortunately, he was transferred by Kang Moon-deuk and Yang Yeon-seop, who were taught by Kim Byung-ho, and Kim Nam-soon and Sun Young-sook are passed down to Kang. Yang Yeon-seop, who also learned from Kim Byung-ho, is training junior students in the academic world, mainly in Seoul. Kim Nam-soon is active in the Yeongnam region, and the transfer is taking place in the Jeollanam-do region, with Sun Young-sook at the center.

    Kim Chang-jo, the founder of the Gaya Geumsanjo, was born in Yeongam, South Jeolla Province, and Kim Byeong-ho, who learned from him, is also from Yeongam and needs to be designated as an intangible cultural asset of South Jeolla Province based on his regional background. Since entering Gayageumsanjo in the 1960s, Seon Yeong-suk has been fully transferred from Kang Mun-deuk to Kim Byeongho-ryu Gayageumsanjo, and won the Grand Prize (President's Award) in the string section of the National Traditional Music Festival in recognition of his skills. Therefore, Seon Yeong-suk, who designated Kim Byeong-ho-ryu Gayageum Sanjo as an intangible cultural asset of Jeollanam-do and faithfully carried on his production, needs to be recognized as the owner of Kim Byeong-ho Sanjo and preserved.
  • 2008.5.30
    designated date
    Gayageum is also known as Gayageum, a traditional Korean musical instrument produced and distributed since the Three Kingdoms Period. Twelve strings of silk twisted together with a gilt-bronze resonator board are tied vertically for each line.

    It is used throughout Korean music, including julpungryu, Gagok accompaniment, Gayageum Sanjo, and Gayageum Byeongchang. Fortunately, there is a master craftsman who has only been working on the production of Gayageum in our city's jurisdiction, so Gayageum production is designated as an intangible cultural asset of our city in order to preserve and transfer traditional culture.
  • 2017.8.24
    designated date
    Kim Eun-sook was granted a ritual for the construction of Goje Yageum and a charnel house by Jeong Dal-yeong, the holder of the National Intangible Cultural Property No. 23. Jeong Dal-yeong's Gayageum Sanjo and Byeongchang, a member of the Hansuk family, were passed down to Kang Jeong-yeol after his death in 1997.

    Kim Eun-sook has been working on preserving, inheriting, and developing the Goje Gayageum Byeongchang, which was introduced in the southern part of the country, by performing music and training disciples in Gwangju and South Jeolla Province after Kang Jeong-yeol.