Haenyeo is a living witness representing Korea's traditional marine culture and women's fishing culture. Beyond the changing times, haenyeo have created a community culture, and in the livelihood and culture of haenyeo, various wisdom can be found about the coexistence of nature and human beings and the continued use and distribution of common lands.

The records of haenyeo have a long history, as shown in the 17th-century records related to Jeju Island, and the 'material' of haenyeo is a primitive form of language that is not found elsewhere. In addition, the folk knowledge of the ecological environment accumulated from the material experience is considerable, and it forms a unique community life culture of haenyeo, including consideration and collaboration for their fellow haenyeo, and their faith and rituals.

As such, the culture related to haenyeo was designated as a national Intangible Cultural asset in order to preserve and inherit the Cultural Heritages, as they were highly valuable in terms of historical, artistic, and uniqueness.



※ List of UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016 (Jeju Haenyeo Culture)

※ The culture related to haenyeo is not recognized by certain holders or organizations in that it has a strong community nature through collaboration.

Jongmyo, in Seoul, is a royal shrine where the mortuary tablets of deceased royal couples are kept, and is an important site symbolizing the fundamentals of the existence of a state along with Sajikdan Altar, which is the altar for the national soil and grain ceremonies. The regular ancestral rituals were held at Jongmyo in the first month of each season, i.e. January, April, July, and October, while extraordinary rituals were held on special occasions. Since 1945, the ritual has been held only once a year, on the first Sunday of May. The ritual is held in a solemn atmosphere.

The ritual is carried out in a way so as to entertain the spirits of the dead royal ancestors. The procedure for the ritual is as follows: Chwiwi (placing of ancestral tablets), Yeongsin (greeting the spirits), Haengsinnarye (King's obeisance to ancestral tablets), Jinchan (presenting the spirits with food), Choheollye (first obeisance), Aheollye (second obeisance), Jongheollye (last obeisance), Eumbongnye (partaking of sacrificial food), Cheolbyeondu (overturing of ritual dishes), Mangnyo (incineration of prayers). The King had to behave discreetly for four days and keep his body clean for three days before the ritual.

Jongmyo Jerye featured grandeur and solemnity as a ritual that set an example for the people of a Confucian society that attached particular importance to etiquette.

The ritual, along with the music associated with it (Important Intangible Cultural Heritage No.1), was registered with UNESCO in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity in May 2001.

Taekkyeon is a martial art for self-defense featuring soft movements. During the Joseon Period, ordinary people came to practice it.

The martial art is practiced in three categories: 1. Practicing alone, 2. Defending yourself, and 3. Competition. It is characterized by concordance of movements of the body and the muscles, fluid and dynamic movements, dance-like rhythms, emphasis on defense rather than attack, and frequent use of footwork.

Taekkyeon features fluid and natural body movements, and thus can be practiced both for healthy exercise and as a sport.

Farm music performed when farmers are working while helping each other, by forming a cooperative farming team, in a broad sense, refers to music performed when people march, work, hold ceremonies, and enjoy games while beating small gongs, gongs, hourglass drums, and drums. The performers are called gut, maegu, pungjang, geumgo, or chwigun.

All performers play musical instruments while wearing hats. In Pangut (entertainment-oriented performance), the chaesangmo game makes a fine show. On the other hand, paljinhaesikjingut, a military game, looks unique. Its beat is fast, powerful, and exciting.

Jinju Samcheonpo Nongak, a successor of pangut, has higher artistic value. In Paljinbeop, Beokku Nori, sangsoe (leader of the farmers’ music troupe), and Mudong Nori (kids sing and dance), individual skills are excellent.

Yeongsanjae is a form of 49jae (a ritual held on the 49th day of the death of a person), a ritual in which the soul believes in and relies on Buddhism to make it to paradise.

It is also known as the "Yeongsanjakbeop (법法 대표적인) Act" (法法) as a representative rite of Buddhist Cheondoism.Yeongsanjae, the 50th Important Literary Cultural Property, has been preserved and handed down to this day by the Yeongsan Production Act 2,500 years ago.

In recognition of its value, UNESCO was listed as a World Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2009. In July 2014, Gwangju Metropolitan City designated 'Gwangju Yeongsanjae' as the city's Cultural Heritage No. 23.

As nongak (farmers’ music) that has been handed down in Pilbong, Imsil, Imsil Pilbong Nongak belongs to Honam Jwado Nongak (Farmers’ Performance of the Western Jeolla-do). Simple farmers’ music such as that performed on occasions like dangsangut (rite to village guardian) or madang bapgi (treading on the courtyard) had been handed down in this village. The music is said to have become sophisticated around 1920 when the villagers started learning the performing skills from Park Hak-sam, who served as sangsoe (leader of a farmers’ music troupe). The members of a farmer’s music troupe wear white jacket and trousers, with blue vest over the jacket and bands in three colors tied to the head. As for the headgear, only the soejabi (gong player) wears sangmo (hat with feathers or strings attached); others wear gokkal (conical hat). A farmer’s music troupe is composed of yonggi (dragon flag), nonggi (farmers’ flag), long soenabal (trumpet), samul [four percussion instruments, i.e., two kkwaenggwari (small gongs), two jing (large gongs), two buk (drums), and four janggo (hourglass-shaped drums)], beopgo (Buddhist drum), japsaek [referring to a group composed of yangban (nobleman), daeposu (drummer), jorijung (masked clown), changbu (male clown), gaksi (young girl), hwadong (young girl) and mudong (dancing boys)]. The local farmers’ music has many versions according to different occasions: maegut (village ritual held on New Year's Eve on the lunar calendar), madang bapgi, dangsanjegut (rite to village guardians), duregut (performance for villagers’ unity), and pangut (entertainment-oriented performance). Among them, Pangut showcases the best artistic quality. The Yeongsan rhythms contained in the local farmer’s music in Imsil are slow with have many variations, such as gajin yeongsan, dadeuraegi yeongsan, mijigi yeongsan, jaeneomgi yeongsan, gunyeong nori yeongsan, etc. The local farmer’s music in Pilbong, Imsil features clear-cut rhythms of kkwaenggwari (small gongs), powerful/gallant rhythms, and emphasis on teamwork rather than individuals’ skills.

National Intangible Cultural Property No. 11-7 "Gimcheon Geumneung Binnae Nongak" is a nongak inherited from Binnae Village in Gwangcheon-ri, Gaeryeong-myeon, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and has the characteristics and characteristics of nongak in inland Gyeongsangbuk-do. In particular, Gimcheon Geumneung Binnae Nongak is characterized by a grand drum play with both hands, and the military service that is displayed in Pangu (Yeongpoonggut, Yeongsan Daryeongi).

"Namwon Nongak" is a nongak handed down in Ongjeong-ri, Geumji-myeon, Namwon-si, North Jeolla Province, and has the characteristics and characteristics of Honam left-hand Nongak. Namwon Nongak reflects the characteristics of geollipgut along with the village rite consisting of Deuldangsangut, Madangbapi, and Pangut. In particular, the back-gut (stolen jab, talent) composition of pangut is unique, and the winners are still making their own boulevards, which are only used in left-hand farming music in Honam.

Pansori refers to a singer weaving a long story by mixing a spear (sound), anil (word), and body gesture (screw) to the rhythm of the drummer. After the mid-Joseon period, the song was developed based on the unique tunes of the southern part of the country. Depending on the region, it was divided into Dongpyeonje (Northeast of Jeolla-do), Seopyeonje (Northern Jeolla-do), and Jungdongje (Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do).

Currently, only "Chunhyangga, Simcheongga, Sugungga, Heungbooga, and Jeokbyeokga" are handed down as five madang of pansori or five bahtang of pansori, and are designated as UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Although Pansori in Daegu does not have a specific name for its creation, many master singers have been active in the Daegu area since ancient times and have unique characteristics. Lee Myung-hee, designated as the holder of pansori entertainment, continues the tradition of Dongchoje Pansori Heungboga, which was taught by Kim So-hee, while Joo Un-sook, a master singer, continues the tradition of Dongchoje Pansori Simcheongga, which was taught by Lee Il-joo.

Arirang, a national Intangible Cultural asset, is one of the most widely shared Cultural symbols and a song that contains the sentiments of the Korean people.

In addition, Arirang is a simple and natural expression of the people's joys and sorrows and aspirations, and has been passed down for generations, adding vitality to its value in history, artistry, and academic value as an Intangible Cultural asset.

※ 2012.12.5. Enlisted on UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

※ Arirang is a national Intangible Cultural asset that does not recognize certain holders or organizations in that Arirang is widely passed down across regions and generations and applied to modern times.

On September 22, 2016, it was designated as Chungcheongnam-do Intangible Cultural Property No.52 (owner Yoon Ju-yeol).

A loom is a straight line for weaving hemp, silk, cotton, ramie, etc. It is not known exactly when it was made and used, and most of it is made of wood, making it impossible to preserve the long term.

The study of the ancient rectangle shows the form and manipulation of the rectifier through the analysis of the parts of the straight line, the straight line drawing, and the fabric, which are unearthed piece by piece.

Although it is essential for Seocheon Hansan ramie weaving (National designated Cultural Heritage and UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity), the demand for looms has decreased due to a sharp drop in ramie production compared to the past. In the face of the danger of extinction, the production technology of traditional looms has been designated as an Intangible Cultural asset of the provincial government to inherit and preserve traditional Cultural technologies.

The Beetle Market first began repairing the Beetle in 1962 based on carpentry technology. In 1982, the company produced the traditional loom in earnest, and worked on the supply and education of the traditional loom.

Beetlejang can not only make traditional looms, but also make all the accessories that go into traditional looms, such as body, body houses, malco, beige, loomchae, seondari, drum and drum needles.

Gurye Jansu Nongak is a nongak handed down from Sinchon Village in Sinwol-ri, Gurye-eup, Gurye-gun, and has the characteristics and characteristics of Honam Jwa-do Nongak.

This nongak is basically composed of Dangsan Jemanggut, Madangbapgi, and Panggut, and it retains its tradition as a village rite. Dangsan Jemanggut consists of a farming band performing a ritual at 10 a.m. every year on the day of the first lunar month.

After this rite, the Nongak band went to each house in the village and played Madangbapgi to defeat the evil spirits, which led to the participation of all villagers.례 Gurye Jansu Nongak is not handed down by a professional nongak group, but is a village nongak, which is run mainly by villagers. In the past, Jansu Nongak was so famous that its reputation was known not only in Gurye but also in neighboring Suncheon and Namwon.

In the past, documents related to the operation of nongak are also presented, including the "Nongakwi Family Rule" and the "Nongakwi Family Gyejae Reservoir" written since 1954, which record the principles and financial status of nongak.

Yeongsanjae is a form of 49jae (a ritual held on the 49th day of human death), a ritual in which the spirit lives in paradise by believing in and relying on Buddhism. It has a symbolic meaning of reproducing the Yeongsan Recitation, which was performed by Sakyamuni on Yeongchisan Mountain. Yeongsanjae is also known as the "Yeongsanjakbeop" as a representative rite of Buddhist Cheondoism. The origin is unclear, but according to Yi Neung-hwa's "Chosun Buddhist Temple," it was already practiced during the early Joseon Period.

Yeongsanjae starts by hanging Yeongsanhoesangdo outdoors to symbolize the place where the altar is made. A procession ceremony is held to bring the objects of faith from outside the temple, where various instruments such as haegeum, drum, janggu, and geomungo are played to praise the meritorious deeds of the Buddha, and the bar dance, butterfly dance, and Beopgo dance are performed. After the subject of faith is moved, various examples are provided to pray for wishes and offer sacrifices to the soul.

Finally, there is a ceremony to send back the objects of faith, and where the altar was built, all the public went around in a row to practice solitude and so on. It used to take place three days and nights, but in recent years it has been scaled down for one day.

Yeongsanjae is one of the traditional cultures, and it is valuable as a solemn Buddhist ritual in which both the living and the dead can realize the true truth of Buddha and reach the point where they can escape from anguish and anguish and participate in the public, not the performance.

"Kimchi-making" is a daily and repetitive culture in which the entire Korean people participate as a community beyond regional, social, and economic differences. Kimchi is an indispensable food for Koreans regardless of the region, and it has become one of Korea's representative foods in recognition of its excellence internationally.

It is an important component of Korean culture for a considerable period of time that contains the spirit of cooperation and sharing, and through this culture, individuals have become united in their relationships with the people, relatives, villages, neighbors, and new communities and have formed their identity.

"Kimjang," the core of kimchi-making, contains traditional knowledge that nature and humans can live together, and the spirit of sharing, solidarity and harmony that emphasizes to maintain the good of society continues to modern society.

In the past, if intergenerational transmission was carried out mainly in women's communities such as mothers and daughters-in-law based on accumulated experience and knowledge, Hyundai is becoming an active entity where science is integrated and men participate in kimchi, and schools, private organizations, and local governments are also actively participating in various forms of kimchi culture.

In addition, the various fermented bacteria in kimchi show biological diversity and local diversity, giving a glimpse of Cultural diversity derived from natural environment.

Making kimchi did not recognize certain holders or organizations in that it was a lifestyle and culture handed down throughout the country rather than requiring high-level special skills.

Jeju Chilmeori Dangyeondeunggut is a rite held at Chilmeoridang, the main hall of Geonip-dong, Jeju.

Geonip-dong is a small fishing village on Jeju Island, where residents held a ritual to pray for the peace and prosperity of the village to the two couples, the city's guardian deities, Dowonsu Inspection and Local Government, and the Yowwanghae Shrine, by catching fish and shellfish or making a living by working as a haenyeo.

Along with the couple's guardian deity, a ritual was held to honor the deity of Yeongdeungpo, which was held on February 1 from the Oenunbaeki Island or Gangnam Cheonjaguk to enrich the fishermen and haenyeo and return to their home country on February 15.

Danggut is held on February 1 and February 14 of the lunar calendar every year. On February 1 of the lunar calendar, when Yeongdeungpo god enters, Yeongdeungpo Hwanyeongje is held, and on February 14, the day before he leaves Yeongdeungpo god, Yeongdeungpo Songbyeolje is held.

Residents believe that the god of Yeongdeungpo receives a bigger farewell than the welcoming ceremony and leaves the next day after receiving a farewell ceremony in Udo, Gujwa-eup. Therefore, during the welcoming ceremony, only the owners of the ship or the religious people gather to perform a simple exorcism, and the farewell ceremony is held all day long, with many fishermen, haenyeo and other religious people gathering.

On Good Day, fishermen and haenyeo in Jeju City as well as residents of Geonip-dong will participate. And each family prepares food for ancestral rites and brings it to the sugar. Main Simbang performs the exorcism with singing and dancing to the rhythms of musical instruments such as gong, drum, and seolsoe.

The order of the exorcism rite is to invite all the gods to pray for the good fortune of the families who participated in the rite, to call in the local magistrate of Dowonsu, the local magistrate of the hometown, and Mrs. Yowanghae to pray for the peace of the village, to welcome the dragon and the god of Yeongdeungpo, to the safety of the fishermen and the haenyeo, to the sea again, and to the seeding of the sea.

Jeju Chilmeori Dangyeondeunggut is a rite containing Jeju Island's unique haenyeo beliefs and folk beliefs about Yeongdeungpo-shin, and has its unique and academic value in that it is the only haenyeo rite in Korea.

※ Rename: Jeju Chilmeoridanggut 제주 Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeondeunggut (Changing Date: 2006.6.19).