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K-Cultural Heritage (3)

  • 2018.1.22
    designated date
    ☆Since 1958, Jeong Mun-gil has inherited the traditional roof tiles from its father, and has contributed to the restoration of cultural properties, including Buddhist temples such as Buseoksa Temple in Yeongju, Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongju, and Tongdosa Temple in Yangsan; Dosanseowon Confucian Academy and old houses of in Hahoe Folk Village in Andong.

    As a result of efforts to restore the traditional tile kiln, Jeong Mun-gil built the only traditional tile kiln in the country in June 2017 and is continuing its experiments and efforts to bake traditional tiles in the future.
  • 2010.5.28
    designated date
    Buddhist paintings are an important area of Buddhist art that is subject to worship at Buddhist temples along with Buddhist statues. After the introduction of Buddhism, Korean Buddhist paintings developed greatly in the form of murals and tangs. Especially during the Goryeo Dynasty, they were recognized as the highest-quality works in East Asia. A Tang painter is a person who paints Buddhist worldviews, such as portraits or scriptures of Buddha or Bodhisattva, which are common in temples. Along with the detailed description, the tanghwa is called a task that is almost a performance as it also requires careful attention to the use of colors.

    Lee Sam-yeol was born in 1945 and was taught Korean Buddhist paintings by Kim Il-seop. He participated in the construction of Dancheong and Buddhist paintings in major temples across the country, including Geumjeongsa Temple in Busan, Gimje Geumsan Temple, Gyeongju Bulguksa Temple, Seoul Haknimsa Temple, Busan Seonamsa Temple, Yesan Sudeoksa Temple, Jeongeup Naejangsa Temple, Gochang Seonunsa Temple, Muju Anguk Temple, and Wanju Bongseo Temple.

    Lee Sam-yeol faithfully inherits and creates the sketches from Kim Il-seop, and his character's expressive ability is outstanding, and his overall work is excellent, including writing and coloring.
  • 2007.7.20
    designated date
    Dancheong refers to the use of five colors, blue, red, yellow, white, and black, to paint beautifully by drawing patterns and paintings on buildings or artifacts. A person with this technique of dancheong and its skill is called dancheongjang, and if a person engaged in dancheong is a monk, he or she was called Geumi or Hwaseung.

    Dancheong in Korea can be found through various ancient tomb murals dating back to the Three Kingdoms Period. Especially, the murals of Goguryeo tombs show the architectural style of the time and the appearance of dancheong, indicating the origin of dancheong. Dancheong was also found in vessels such as chaehwa and lacquer excavated from ancient tombs, but it was mainly used for wooden buildings. Dancheong also includes painting and painting of Buddha statues on the walls of buildings.

    If you look at the course of Dancheongjang's class, you will first practice drawing from Xiwangcho to Cheonwangcho in armor. If you are good at it, you will become a dancheong master by painting the upper tangerines that draw fire and bodhisattva. There are many types of dancheong, such as dancheong, which is simply drawn with black and white lines, morodancheong, which draws a draft of hair, and gilt dancheong, which is painted in five colors.

    Dancheong preserves wooden structures for a long period of time and paints a temple with natural dark vegetables made of mineral materials, such as sand class='xml2' onmouseover='up2(2800)'dmouseout='dn2()'dn2(()(석>>>>>>>>>>, which are collected from sand or soil for harmony. Dancheong in Korea has been developed into a beautiful beauty of Korean architecture as it is found in ancient tombs of Goguryeo and has continued its tradition throughout the Three Kingdoms Period to the Goryeo and Joseon Periods.

    Shin Woo-soon was born in 1951, and was taught Korean Buddhist paintings that led to Kim Il-seop – uncle Shin Eon-su. He participated in major temples across the country including Nahanjeon Hall of Baekyangsa Temple, Daeseongjeon Hall of Gwangjuhyanggyo Local Confucian School, Seonwon Temple of Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongju, Daewonsa Temple in Uijeongbu, Cheonwangmun Gate of Buan Naesosa Temple, and Yosachae of Sudoksa Temple, Mireukjeon Hall of Geumsan Temple and Daeungbojeon Temple of Gongjumi Magoksa Temple.

    Shin Woo-sun has a good sense of form and proportion, and harmony of colors, as she accurately uses the patterns of dancheong and properly draws them.

K-History (6)

  • 1962.12.20
    designated date of national treasure
    The construction of Seokguram Grotto was begun in 751 under the leadership of Prime Minister Kim Dae-seong during the reign of King Gyeongdeok of the Silla Dynasty, and was completed in 774 (the 10th year of King Hyegong’s reign), whereupon it was given its original name of Seokbulsa Temple.
    Buddhist art reached its peak during King Gyeongdeok’s reign, which spanned the middle period of the Silla Period, Besides Seokguram Grotto, many other cultural treasures were built during this period, including Bulguksa Temple, Dabotap Pagoda, the Three-story Stone Pagoda of Bulguksa Temple, and the Bell of Hwangnyongsa Temple.
    The artificial stone grotto was built halfway down Tohamsan Mountain with pieces of white granite. The principal statue of Sakyamuni Buddha was placed at the center of the grotto, and forty statues of various bodhisattvas, Buddha’s disciples, and guardian kings were carved on the surrounding walls, though only thirty-eight of them remain. The rectangular front chamber of the grotto is connected to the round main chamber by a corridor. The exquisite ceiling of the main chamber was made with more than 360 flat stones. The architectural technique used to build this grotto is unprecedented in its excellence. There are statues of four guardian deities on both the left and right sides of the front chamber, which functions as the entrance to the main chamber. Carved on both sides of the entrance to the corridor is a statue of the Vajra Guardians, while the narrow corridor is decorated with the Four Guardian Kings carved in pairs. There is an octagonal stone column on both sides of the entrance to the round main chamber. The Principal Buddha is placed slightly off center toward the back of the main chamber. From the entrance, the walls of the chamber are filled with the images of two devas, two bodhisattvas, and ten arhats. Standing behind the Principal Buddha is a statue of the Eleven-faced Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, perhaps the most exquisitely carved statue found inside this grotto.
    Every single sculpture contained in the grotto may be considered a masterpiece of East Asian Buddhist art. The list of masterpieces includes the principal image of Buddha, which was created with mature carving skills; the Eleven-faced Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva with its magnificently carved face and body; statues of valiant warriors and the majestic Four Guardian Kings; and the supple graceful statues of various bodhisattvas and arhats, each of which displays a distinctive individuality. In particular, the serene appearance of the Principal Buddha enshrined in the main chamber deepens the mystical atmosphere. The extremely natural appearance of the Principal Buddha seems to present to all living people the ideal model of a man harboring a profound and sublime mind deep within him and easily pass to them his everlasting mercy. Seokguram Grotto is a masterpiece of the golden age of Buddhist art in Silla. What makes it stand out all the more is its perfect combination of architecture, mathematics, geometry, religion, and art. Seokguram Grotto has long been preserved as National Treasure No. 24, and was jointly registered as a UNESCO World Heritage in December 1995 along with Bulguksa Temple.
  • 1962.12.20
    designated date of national treasure
    Dabotap Pagoda and Seokgatap Pagoda (the Three-story Stone Pagoda of Bulguksa Temple, National Treasure No. 21) are the two most renowned pagodas in Korea. They are similar in height (10.29m and 10.75m), and stand facing each other, Dabotap Pagoda in the east, Seokgatap Pagoda in the west, between Daeungjeon Hall and Jahamun Gate of Bulguksa Temple . Dabotap is a unique type of pagoda, while Seokgatap Pagoda (also known as “Sakyamuni Buddha Pagoda”) is representative of the more general type of stone pagoda. The two pagodas were built at the same site to reflect the content of the Saddharmapundarika Sutra (The Lotus Sutra), in which the Dabo Buddha (“Buddha of the past”) stands beside Sakyamuni (“Buddha of the present”) to prove that his Buddhist sermon is right. Bulguksa Temple was founded by Kim Dae-seong’s offer in 751 (the 10th year of the reign of King Gyeongdeok of Silla).
    Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms) states that Kim Dae-seong built Seokguram Grotto for his parents in his former life, and Bulguksa Temple for his present parents. However, the temple was not completed at the time of his death, so it was finished afterwards by the kingdom, and in the end, the temple was run not for the private individual Kim Dae-seong but for the benefit of the kingdom as a whole.
    Bulguksa Temple can be said to be the realization of the Buddhist paradise in which Buddhist monks of past, present, and future live together. It clearly reveals aspects of the spiritual world of the people of Silla. While it is perfectly clear that Seokgatap Pagoda is a three-story pagoda standing on a two-story platform, it is difficult to count the number of stories of Dabotap Pagoda. In fact, even experts have diverging opinions, with some saying it is has four stories and others that it has only three. However, the uniqueness of Dabotap Pagoda can be seen in the structure of each part. Stone staircases are attached to each side of the cross-shaped platform, with an octagonal pagoda body surrounded by square railings placed upon it. It is presumed that the pagoda was built in 751 during the construction of Bulguksa Temple.
    This work is a masterpiece that beautifully expresses the complicated structure of wooden construction without any distraction by the use of through novel ideas. The work exhibits the artistic sensibility of Unified Silla through its well-organized structure consisting of squares, octagons, and circles, and in its length, width and thickness, which are standardized in every part. During the Japanese Colonial Period, the Japanese dismantled and repaired the pagoda around 1925, but they left behind no records of this work. In the process, Artifact, reliquaries, and other artifacts that must have been placed inside the pagoda all disappeared. In addition, of the four lions originally placed on the stone staircases of the pagoda, the Japanese took away three, all of which must have been in good condition. Though there have been continuous efforts to retrieve these precious cultural heritages, no trace has been found of them as yet.
  • 1962.12.20
    designated date
    The Three-story Stone Pagoda of Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongju is a three-story stone pagoda of Silla during the period of the Northern and Southern States, located in Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongju.

    The original name was Seokga Yeorae Sangjuseol Pagoda, which is commonly called Seokga Pagoda for short for short.

    The pagoda is also called "Muyeong Pagoda (a tower without shadow), which is a sad legend about Asadal, a stoneworker of Baekje who built the pagoda, who had to throw herself into the pond without meeting her husband.

    Standing side by side with the Dabotap in front of Daeungjeon Hall of Bulguksa Temple, it is designated as National Treasure No. 21 of the Republic of Korea.

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